Filed 7/31/26 Conservatorship of C.Q.W. CA5
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions
not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion
has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
Conservatorship of the Person of C.Q.W.,
Conservatee.
R.W., F090176
Petitioner and Appellant, (Super. Ct. No. BPB-23-002306)
v.
OPINION
C.W., as Conservator, etc.,
Petitioner and Respondent;
FAMILY COURT SERVICES,
Objector and Respondent.
THE COURT*
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Kern County. James B. Green,
Temporary Judge. (Pursuant to Cal. Const., art. VI, § 21.)
R.W., in pro. per., for Petitioner and Appellant.
No appearance for Petitioner and Respondent.
No appearance for Objector and Respondent.
-ooOoo-
* Before Levy, Acting P. J., DeSantos, J. and Harrell, J.
R.W. (mother), a self-represented litigant, appeals from an order denying her
petition for visitation with conservatee C.Q.W., who is mother’s adult son (son).
Mother’s appellate brief, which fails to comply with the California Rules of Court, asks
this court to reverse the order because there was no evidence that mother’s contact with
son caused him significant physical or emotional harm. Son’s father, C.W. (father), who
was appointed his conservator in January 2024, has not filed a respondent’s brief. We do
not treat his failure to do so as a default or an admission that the trial court erred but
instead consider the record and arguments raised by mother to determine whether reversal
is required. (In re Marriage of Rifkin & Carty (2015) 234 Cal.App.4th 1339, 1342, fn. 1;
Bustos v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (2019) 39 Cal.App.5th 369, 374; see Cal. Rules of
Court, rule 8.220(a)(2).) As we explain, because mother has not presented legal authority
for the relief she seeks or otherwise affirmatively demonstrated error or prejudice, we
affirm the order.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
The limited record on appeal constrains our understanding of the underlying
proceedings. The clerk’s transcript is comprised of only the minute order being appealed,
the notice of appeal, mother’s designation of the record on appeal, and the register of
actions. The register of actions shows that a petition for conservatorship was granted in
October 2023, and an order appointing father as the conservator and letters of
conservatorship issued in January 2024. In May 2024, mother filed a petition for
visitation. An unreported hearing was held on mother’s petition on June 2, 2025. The
minute order of that hearing states that mother and father appeared at the hearing and the
probate court denied the petition without prejudice. Mother filed a timely notice of
appeal from that order.
DISCUSSION
Our resolution of this matter is compelled by settled principles of appellate review.
A fundamental rule of appellate review is that “ ‘[a] judgment or order of the lower court
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is presumed correct’ ” and “ ‘error must be affirmatively shown.’ ” (Denham v. Superior
Court (1970) 2 Cal.3d 557, 564.) The appellant has the burden of overcoming the
presumption of correctness by demonstrating, “ ‘on the basis of the record presented to
the appellate court, that the trial court committed an error that justifies reversal of the
judgment.’ ” (Jameson v. Desta (2018) 5 Cal.5th 594, 608.) The party asserting error
must also “designate an adequate record.” (Electronic Equipment Express, Inc. v.
Donald H. Seiler & Co. (1981) 122 Cal.App.3d 834, 858, fn. 13, italics added.) “[I]f the
record is inadequate for meaningful review, the appellant defaults and the decision of the
trial court should be affirmed.” (Mountain Lion Coalition v. Fish & Game Com. (1989)
214 Cal.App.3d 1043, 1051, fn. 9.)
Here, the appellate record is inadequate for meaningful review of mother’s claim
that she should have been granted visitation. Mother’s petition for visitation is not in the
clerk’s transcript and mother did not provide a settled statement of the June 2, 2025,
hearing on her petition. Thus, mother has failed to carry her burden to show the court
erred when it denied her petition.
The absence of an adequate record also results in mother violating rules requiring
her to support factual assertions made in an appellate brief with citations to the record.
(Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.204(a)(1)(C); see Fierro v. Landry’s Restaurant, Inc. (2019)
32 Cal.App.5th 276, 281, fn. 5; Rybolt v. Riley (2018) 20 Cal.App.5th 864, 868 [appellate
court may “ ‘disregard any factual contention not supported by a proper citation to the
record’ ”].) Mother’s appellate brief makes factual assertions concerning what the
probate court said, what father told the court, and why the court denied her petition, but
she does not cite to the record to support these assertions. “An appellant who fails to cite
accurately to the record forfeits the issue or argument on appeal that is presented without
the record reference.” (Alki Partners, LP v. DB Fund Services, LLC (2016)
4 Cal.App.5th 574, 589.) Absent a record reference or our independent verification, we
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decline to consider mother’s factual assertions and consider them forfeited. (Fierro, at
p. 281, fn. 5; Alki, at p. 589.)
Finally, “[i]t is the duty of counsel by argument and the citation of authorities to
show that the claimed error exists.” (In re Estate of Randall (1924) 194 Cal. 725, 728.)
Self-represented parties are held to the same standards as parties who are represented by
counsel. (Nwosu v. Uba (2004) 122 Cal.App.4th 1229, 1246–1247.) An appellate brief
must “[s]tate each point under a separate heading or subheading summarizing the point,
and support each point by argument and, if possible, by citation of authority.”
(Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.204(a)(1)(B).) “When an appellant fails to raise a point, or
asserts it but fails to support it with reasoned argument and citations to authority, we treat
the point as waived.” (Badie v. Bank of America (1998) 67 Cal.App.4th 779, 784–785.)
Here, mother failed to support her claims with “reasoned argument and citations to
authority.” (Id. at p. 784.) Thus, her claims have been waived.
DISPOSITION
The June 2, 2025, order denying appellant’s petition for visitation is affirmed.
Appellant shall bear her own costs on appeal.
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